Strategic Shift in India-Pakistan Conflict Dynamics
In response to the Pahalgam terror attack, India executed calibrated retaliatory strikes within Pakistani territory, marking a significant shift in conflict engagement. The use of standoff weapons and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) introduced strategic ambiguity, expanding India's tactical options between conventional and nuclear boundaries.
Role of Drones
- Drones have been pivotal in operations and influencing Pakistan's military reaction.
- The Indian Air Force (IAF) has integrated UAVs, with experience dating back to the 1999 Kargil conflict.
- Key platforms include Israeli-origin drones like Searcher, Heron, and Harop.
Military Doctrine and UAV Integration
The 2000-22 'Doctrine of the Indian Air Force' emphasizes the role of drones in surveillance, deterrence, and precision engagements. Adversaries' investment in long-range precision capabilities necessitates robust defense of critical infrastructure and assets.
Counter-Drone Strategy
- India's defense includes multi-layered sensors and indigenously developed counter-UAV systems.
- The Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) is crucial for managing air defenses.
Challenges and Future Directions
India faces challenges in the procurement and production of munitions and advanced guided weapons like surface-to-air missiles and drones. Regulations and policies must support long-term investments in production capacity and R&D.
Conclusion
- Mass production of affordable drones and air defense systems will help address capability gaps.
- Drones, while vulnerable, will play a significant role in conflicts involving Pakistan or China.
