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In Summary

  • India and Germany signed agreements on defence cooperation, semiconductor supply chains, and critical minerals during the German Chancellor's visit.
  • Germany announced a visa-free transit facility for Indian passport holders and established a Track 1.5 Foreign Policy and Security Dialogue.
  • Bilateral trade exceeded USD 50 billion in 2024, with Germany being the 9th largest FDI investor in India.

In Summary

The agreements were signed during the visit of the German Chancellor. 

  • The visit coincided with a milestone phase in bilateral ties, as India and Germany celebrated 25 years of their Strategic Partnership in 2025 and marking 75 years of diplomatic relations in 2026.

Key outcomes  

  • Defence and Security: Signed Joint Declaration of Intent to develop a Defence Industrial Cooperation Roadmap was signed, emphasising technology partnerships, co-development, and co-production of defence platforms.
    • Germany’s expressed intent to participate in Indian Naval Exercise MILAN of, Indian Ocean Naval Symposium, Air Combat Exercise Tarang Shakti etc. 
    • Track 1.5 Foreign Policy and Security Dialogue was also established 
      • Track 1.5 Diplomacy occurs when government representatives and non-governmental experts engage in dialogue in less formal ways
  • Trade and economy: To ensure supply chain resilience, agreements were signed focusing on the Semiconductor, Critical Minerals, etc. 
  • Visa and Mobility: Germany announced a visa-free transit facility for Indian passport holders.
  • Other:
    • Announced a new bilateral Indo-Pacific consultation mechanism.
    • Education and skilling- Indo-German Comprehensive Roadmap on Higher Education was adopted. 

Other Key aspects of Indo- German Relations 

  • Economic Relations 
    • Indo-German bilateral trade surpassed USD 50 billion in 2024 (Germany accounts for over 25% of India's trade with the European Union)
    • FDI status: Germany is 9th largest foreign direct investor in India (2024)
  • Environment- Green and Sustainable Development Partnership (GSDP) is partnership between India and Germany to align their climate cooperation to the Paris Climate Agreement 
  • Technology and Innovation: E.g., Indo-German Science and Technology Centre (IGSTC)
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RELATED TERMS

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Indo-German Science and Technology Centre (IGSTC)

A joint initiative by the governments of India and Germany to foster bilateral cooperation in science and technology, promoting research and development through joint projects and fellowships.

Paris Climate Agreement

An international accord adopted in 2015 by the UNFCCC, aiming to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

Green and Sustainable Development Partnership (GSDP)

A collaborative framework between India and Germany aimed at aligning climate action and sustainable development goals with the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement, focusing on areas like renewable energy and circular economy.

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