Electrification of Vehicle Fleet

Electrifying vehicle fleets is crucial due to three main reasons: climate change, local pollution reduction, and foreign exchange savings. The transport sector significantly contributes to carbon dioxide emissions, and electric vehicles (EVs) offer a solution by replacing oil with potentially renewable energy-generated electricity.

Current Scenario in India

• NITI Aayog's Ambition: By 2030, target EV penetration for 70% of new commercial cars, 30% of private cars, 40% of buses, and 80% of two- and three-wheelers.
• Current Progress: As of mid-2025, significant progress is seen only in three-wheelers, with 60% new registrations as EVs; other segments lag with only 5-6% EV registrations.

Challenges and Issues

• Pollution and Congestion: Vehicles are major pollution contributors. Reducing vehicle numbers and transitioning to clean vehicles are essential.
• Delhi Case Study: Transition to CNG targeted high-mileage vehicles but failed to improve public transport, leading to increased personal vehicle numbers.
• Traffic Impact: Studies show significant speed reductions during peak hours, linking traffic congestion with air pollution.
• Public Transport Issues: Delays affect bus ridership, and the Delhi Metro suffers from inadequate last-mile connectivity, high costs, and other challenges.

Policy Recommendations

• National Clean Air Plan (NCAP): Should focus on reducing both vehicle numbers and emissions.
• Public Transport: Emphasize scaling up public transport to reduce commute time and costs and improve air quality.

These changes are vital for leveraging the full benefits of vehicle electrification, addressing pollution, and ensuring efficient urban mobility.