Overview of Electoral Reforms in India
This section discusses the recent steps taken by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to streamline the registration and functionality of political parties, focusing on Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs).
De-listing of RUPPs
- The ECI initiated steps to de-list 345 RUPPs that haven't contested elections in the last six years and whose offices couldn't be located.
- The right to form associations is a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(c) of the Constitution.
Registration Requirements
- Under Section 29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, political parties must submit a memorandum within 30 days of formation, pledging allegiance to constitutional principles.
- RUPPs receive benefits such as tax exemptions, a common election symbol, and designated 'star campaigners.'
Compliance and Consequences
- RUPPs must disclose donors who contribute over ₹20,000 annually.
- Failure to comply leads to loss of tax exemptions.
Current Status and Challenges
- Over 2,800 RUPPs exist, but only 750 contested the 2024 elections, leading to the term ‘letter pad parties.’
- The RP Act lacks provisions to de-register inactive parties, except in cases of fraud or constitutional disloyalty.
Past and Proposed Reforms
- In March 2024, a list of 281 de-listed and 217 inactive RUPPs was published.
- The Law Commission and ECI have recommended amendments for de-registering parties inactive for 10 years.
- The issue of inner-party democracy remains significant, with suggestions for RP Act amendments to ensure it.
