Environmental Concerns of the Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project (GNIP)
The Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project (GNIP), valued at ₹72,000 crore, has raised environmental concerns due to its potential impact on the seismically active region of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Findings
- The EIA study downplays the risk of earthquakes despite historical data and scientific warnings.
- A 2019 study from IIT-Kanpur indicates the "return period" for mega-earthquakes (magnitude of 9 or more) is 420–750 years and 80–120 years for large-magnitude earthquakes (>7.5).
- Evidence of at least seven large tsunami events in the last 8,000 years from sediments in Badabalu beach, South Andaman.
Concerns from Scientists
- Scientists urge the need for site-specific studies due to the region's complex geological profile.
- The geodynamic nature of the region suggests vulnerability to unforeseen earthquakes.
Project Features and Controversies
- GNIP includes a trans-shipment port, an international airport, township development, and a 450 Megavolt-Amperes (MVA) gas and solar-based power plant.
- Concerns over biodiversity loss, deforestation, and impact on local tribes have prompted a review by the National Green Tribunal.
Seismic Activity in the Region
The region is prone to earthquakes due to the Indian plate's subduction beneath the Burmese Microplate along the Andaman Trench, categorized under the highest seismological category of five.
Historical Context
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami-earthquake, with a magnitude of 9.2, severely impacted the islands, resulting in significant loss of life and highlighting the region's vulnerability to seismic events.
