Kargil War and Its Impact
The Kargil War of 1999 between India and Pakistan remains a significant event in Indian military history, marking the first ‘live televised’ conflict. It demonstrated the Indian armed forces' determination and patriotism in evicting Pakistani forces and securing a ceasefire.
- The Kargil War was a demonstration of India's conventional fighting capabilities under nuclear threat.
- The conflict emphasized the need for improved intelligence and military readiness.
- A Kargil Review Committee was established to recommend structural changes in India's defense strategy.
Lessons from Kargil
- Highlighted the intelligence failure, as no large-scale infiltration was anticipated.
- Exposed shortcomings in equipment, logistics, and high-altitude warfare readiness.
- Prompted the creation of new agencies such as the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO).
- Emphasized the need for modernizing the military and achieving self-reliance.
- Led to the development of the “Cold Start Doctrine” for rapid mobilization and swift military operations.
Terror Attacks and Response
Operation Sindoor and Pahalgam Attack
- The recent Pahalgam attack by Pakistan-based terrorists in April 2025 resulted in significant Indian military retaliation.
- Operation Sindoor was launched, showcasing India's capability in executing precision strikes on terror bases and military assets in Pakistan.
- Operation Sindoor involved striking nine terror bases and 11 military air-bases in Pakistan.
- The operation marked a shift in India's stance, indicating a move away from restraint.
Evolution of Counter-Terrorism Strategy
- India's response to terrorism evolved after the Uri attack in 2016 with surgical strikes.
- The Balakot air strikes in 2019 demonstrated India's willingness to cross into Pakistan airspace for counter-terrorism operations.
- The Pahalgam attack has set a new threshold for India's counter-terrorism response.
India's Strategic Shifts
- The learning from past conflicts has shaped India's current military and strategic posture.
- The focus is now on modernization and self-reliance, bolstered by initiatives like ‘Make in India.’
- India's military actions reflect a clear message of zero tolerance towards terrorism.
- Modern weapon platforms are being produced indigenously, enhancing India's military capabilities.
- India's firm stance post-Pahalgam indicates a no-tolerance policy for future terror threats.
Conclusion
From Kargil to Pahalgam, India has evolved significantly in terms of military strategy and counter-terrorism measures. The nation remains determined to prevent any recurrence of such events, maintaining vigilance and preparedness.
