Ancient Indian Democracy
Prime Minister's speech in Gangaikonda Cholapuram highlighted India's ancient democratic practices, predating the Magna Carta. His message emphasized reclaiming pride in India's indigenous, ancient democratic legacy.
Historical Context and Evidence
- India's democratic traditions date back to the fifth century BCE, evident in village and tribal decision-making processes.
- Kautilya's Arthashastra mentions samghas or local unions, reflecting structured governance and participatory democracy.
The Chola Dynasty's Electoral System
- The kudavolai system, or "ballot pot," was used for local elections under the Chola dynasty, particularly in Uthiramerur.
- Eligible candidates' names were inscribed on palm leaves and drawn by a young, impartial boy, ensuring transparency and neutrality.
- An inscription from the Vaikuntaperumal temple details qualifications, disqualifications, and processes for elections.
Qualifications and Disqualifications
- Candidates are required to be aged 35-70, landowners, and educated in sacred texts or administrative procedures.
- Disqualifications included debt default, alcohol consumption, moral transgressions, and failure to present past accounts.
- Strict removal provisions for embezzlement or dereliction of duty, including potential barring for up to seven generations.
Significance and Legacy
- These practices reflect advanced participatory democracy and emphasize civic accountability.
- India's democratic ethos is deeply rooted in its own history, not solely shaped by external influences like British or American systems.
- Reminding modern practices of these traditions is crucial as global democracy faces challenges.
Conclusion
India's democratic spirit is ancient and indigenous, rooted in ethical governance and collective decision-making. Recognizing this history is essential for contemporary institutions like the Election Commission of India to draw confidence from both historical and modern practices.
