Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Mutual Defence Pact

Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have entered into a mutual defence agreement where an attack on one is considered an attack on both. This agreement was signed in Riyadh by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, with the presence of Pakistan's army chief Asim Munir.

Key Features of the Agreement

• Covers "all military means" including: 
  • Joint training
  • Intelligence sharing
  • Military exercises
• Positioned as a step toward regional peace by Saudi Arabia.

Context and Implications

• The pact comes amid regional tensions, notably after an Israeli strike in Qatar on September 9.
• Signals a shift in Saudi Arabia’s security strategy, moving away from reliance on US protection.
• Represents a culmination of prolonged discussions rather than a reaction to immediate events.

Reactions and Concerns

Implications for India:

• India views the agreement with caution due to Pakistan being a nuclear-armed rival.
• Indian Ministry of External Affairs is studying the agreement's impact on national and regional security.
• Former ambassador Kanwal Sibal termed the pact a "grave misstep" by Saudi Arabia, potentially escalating tensions with India.

Other Expert Opinions:

• Professor Brahma Chellaney described the pact as part of a "troubling axis" between countries accused of supporting terrorism.
• Concerns expressed about Saudi Arabia's choice of a politically unstable Pakistan as a security partner.

Impact on Bilateral Relations

• Potential complications in India's strategic and economic relations with Saudi Arabia.
• The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor could face uncertainties.

Significance for Pakistan

• Strengthens Pakistan's strategic partnership with a key Gulf ally.
• Formalizes defence ties with Saudi Arabia, which holds significant influence in the Muslim world.
• Highlights Pakistan’s economic dependence on Saudi financial support.

Conclusion

As the US influence in the Gulf diminishes, regional nations are seeking alternative alliances. The pact poses challenges for India in balancing its growing relationship with Saudi Arabia against the potential threats from the Pakistan-Saudi alliance.