Changing Demographics and the Need for a Demographic Mission
The announcement of a demographic mission on August 15, 2025, focusing primarily on undocumented immigration from Bangladesh, has sparked controversy. However, a more comprehensive approach is necessary as India stands at a demographic crossroads.
Demographic Transformation
- India, as the most populous nation with a significant youth demographic, faces both global envy and local pride.
- Demographics have traditionally been significant mainly concerning population control.
- India's demographic diversity could sustain its population well into the next century.
- A holistic approach requires examining past demographic transformations, considering fertility, mortality, and migration.
Human Capability and Infrastructure
- The mission should address emerging population capabilities, focusing on education, health, and livelihoods.
- Educational infrastructure is imbalanced, leading to inequities based on affluence.
Migration and Identity
- Migration acts as a population equalizer, yet political discourse is often adverse.
- Migrant identities are constructed, and protection should rest with the state.
- Policies should consider equal stakes for home and host regions of migrants.
- Migrant voting rights remain a contentious issue, requiring resolution.
Longevity and Social Security
- Growing longevity demands a redefinition of productive years and social security provision.
- Employers need to prepare employees for financial security in non-earning years.
Planning and Policy Implications
- Planning and policy-making must recognize changing demographics.
- Demographics should drive priorities in allocation and provisioning.
- The foundation of a demographic mission lies in the demographic sensitization of intellectual discourse on mainstreaming and inclusion.
Authors: S. Irudaya Rajan is Chair at the International Institute of Migration and Development (IIMAD), Kerala; U.S. Mishra is Honorary Visiting Professor at IIMAD, Kerala.
