Introduction
The World Economic Forum at Davos faces a significant challenge with the presence of President Donald Trump, who represents a departure from traditional technocratic governance and institutional internationalism. Trump's approach to foreign policy is characterized by personalized decision-making and the use of tariffs, marking a shift from modern international relations norms.
Neo-Royalism in World Politics
- Trump's foreign policy has been interpreted as part of a broader trend toward "neo-royalism," shifting from rule-based systems to personalized governance.
- Domestic resistance is evident in the US through movements like the "No Kings" rallies, while internationally, allies are adjusting due to America's power.
- Scholars suggest Trump’s policies are driven by personal preferences rather than institutional strategies.
Historical Context of Global Order
- The modern global order evolved from the 17th century, emphasizing rational, institutionalized diplomacy.
- The Cold War era reinforced technocratic and institutional diplomacy, with decisions anchored in formal bureaucracies.
Disenchantment with Elites
- Over the past three decades, the US foreign-policy establishment has faced discredit due to failures like the Afghan and Iraq wars and economic crises.
- This disenchantment paved the way for Trump's rise, as he positioned himself against technocrats and globalists.
Neo-Feudalism and Private Power
- Alongside neo-royalism, neo-feudalism is emerging, weakening state authority with private actors and transnational networks.
- Technology giants and data-driven firms are increasingly influential in geopolitics, resembling a medieval distribution of power.
Implications for India and Other Middle Powers
India faces challenges in navigating this landscape of neo-royalism and neo-feudalism. Strong domestic institutions are essential for middle powers like India to maintain their national interests effectively.
