Global Water Security Concerns
Over the past two decades, research has highlighted the growing risks to water security due to pollution and unsustainable use. Recent data from a UN report emphasizes that climate change is exacerbating these issues.
Impact of Climate Change on Water
- Rising temperatures have disrupted rainfall patterns and the water cycle.
- The retreat of glaciers is causing erratic river flows, creating extremes between floods and droughts.
- What were once temporary shocks, like droughts and shortages, are becoming chronic, termed as "water bankruptcy."
Global and Regional Effects
- Not all regions are equally affected, but interconnectedness means one area's "water bankruptcy" can affect others, increasing tensions.
- Climate-induced precipitation changes are particularly notable in the Himalayas, affecting regions like Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir.
Issues in the Himalayas
- Areas are experiencing a snow drought due to weakened western disturbances.
- Late snowfall melts quickly, offering limited benefits, whereas early snow provides a steady water supply.
- Erratic precipitation impacts agriculture, hydropower, and river flow timing.
Water Management and Initiatives
Traditional water management focused on supply to households, farmers, and industry. Today, there is more emphasis on:
- Recharging aquifers and harvesting rainwater.
- Promoting water-efficient crops.
- Despite these, supply-side measures still dominate over prudent use.
Recommendations from the UN Report
- Advocates for transparent water accounting.
- Emphasizes protection of aquifers and enforceable extraction limits.
- Stresses the importance of equitable water distribution.
