India's Response to Extreme Heat
Over the past decade, India's approach to extreme heat has followed a familiar pattern, predominantly led by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) which updates its preparedness levels annually. However, these measures have become insufficient, requiring a more comprehensive and robust strategy.
Current Measures and Limitations
- The 16th Finance Commission recommends designating heatwaves as a national disaster to access central funding.
- Existing heat action plans are largely ineffective, often imitating foreign models and focusing on short-term solutions like water kiosks and shaded areas.
- These measures do not significantly reduce the exposure of millions of Indians to extreme heat conditions.
Need for a National Cooling Doctrine
India requires a fundamental shift to a national cooling doctrine that ensures safe indoor temperatures as a public health right.
- Implementing mandatory minimum cooling standards for indoor workplaces such as factories, warehouses, and call centers.
- Utilizing technology to enhance cooling through passive materials, reflective roofing, and district cooling systems.
- Developing cheaper, efficient air conditioning systems suitable for India's unique climate and energy grid capabilities.
Challenges and Considerations
- India's climate is wetter and more humid than the European models, requiring tailored solutions.
- Many Indians cannot afford the energy costs associated with western-style cooling systems, and India's grid can only support 60% of its capacity.
Without a long-term strategic approach, continuing the current practice of developing inadequate heat action plans is unsustainable and ineffective.
