A study titled ‘Future projections for the tropical Indian Ocean’ predict accelerated warming of Indian Ocean | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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  • Key findings of study: 
    • Climate models predicts accelerated warming of Indian Ocean (IO) at a rate of 1.7°C–3.8°C per century from 2020–2100, compared to 1.2°C per century from 1950–2020.
    • Maximum warming is in the Arabian Sea (northwestern IO).
    • Marine heatwaves are expected to increase from 20 days per year to 220–250 days per year, pushing tropical IO into near-permanent heatwave state.
    • In high emission scenario, study expects minimum average temperature in IO basin to stay above 28°C by 2100, which remained around 26°C-28°C during 1980-2020.
       
  • Impact of warming Indian Ocean: 
    • Thermal expansion due to increased heat content contributing to sea level rise.
    • Marine heatwaves may lead to habitat destruction (coral bleaching, seagrass destruction, loss of kelp forests) and rapid intensification of cyclones. 
    • Increase in frequency of extreme Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. 
      • IOD is marked by temperature differences in IO. 
      • During Positive IOD, warm waters are pushed to Western IO while during Negative IOD, warm waters are pushed to Eastern IO. 
      • Positive IOD is favourable for rainfall in Indian sub-continent.
    • Others: Increased Ocean acidification and decline in net primary productivity etc. 

 

Way forward for mitigating impacts of warming Indian Ocean

 
  • Reducing global carbon emissions
  • Investing in resilient infrastructure
  • Conserving marine ecosystems through sustainable practices
  • Enhancing forecasting capabilities 
  • Promoting adaptive agriculture for food security 
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