Previously, the EU and Japan inaugurated JT-60SA, the world's largest and most advanced Tokamak fusion reactor in Japan and pledged support to advance fusion research for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).

• Tokamak is a machine for controlled thermonuclear fusion with a toroidal shape, similar to a doughnut.

About Nuclear Fusion

• A process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy. 
  • In nuclear fission, on the other hand, large atomic nuclei are split into smaller atomic nuclei to release energy.
• Most fusion reactors use a mixture of deuterium and tritium — hydrogen atom isotopes that contain extra neutrons.

About ITER

• ITER is a global scientific partnership between China, Europe, Japan, India, the Republic of Korea, Russia and the US.
  • It’s currently under construction in France.
• Objective: To prove the viability of fusion as an energy source.
• It will be the largest Tokamak device to test magnetic confinement to produce fusion energy.
• ITER has been designed for high fusion power gain with about 10-fold return (expressed as Q ≥ 10), i.e., ratio of heating input power to thermal output power.
  • Current record for fusion power gain in a Tokamak is Q = 0.67 by European JET facility in the UK.