Report on Domestic Migration released by Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM)

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Report titled ‘400 Million Dreams’ highlights the changing patterns of migration in India since 2011 Census.

Internal/Domestic migration refers to movement of people within a country from one region to another.
- Push factors: Lack of job opportunities, natural disaster, lack of quality education and healthcare facilities, etc.
- Pull factors: Economic opportunities, higher standard of living, peace and stability, etc.

Key findings of report

Reduction in Domestic Migrant Numbers: By about 12% from 45.57 crore to 40.20 crore in 2023 with migration rate dropping from ~38% to an estimated ~29% in 2023.
Migration Dynamics:
- Short-distance migration is predominant, with distance negatively affecting labour mobility.
- Migration originates primarily from areas around major urban centers like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, and Kolkata
Major Migration Routes: UP-Delhi, Gujarat-Maharashtra, Telangana-AP, Bihar-Delhi (state level).
Increase in Migrant Share: West Bengal, Rajasthan, and Karnataka have seen an increase in percentage of arriving migrants.
Decrease in Migrant Share: Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh experienced reduction in their share of total migrants.

Improved infrastructure (roads, education, healthcare, public transport), social security nets etc. at place of origin.
Localized economic growth creating jobs closer to rural areas.

Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 prevent human rights violations.
Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) offers Rs.5 lakh health coverage for secondary and tertiary health benefits to migrant workers.
One Nation One Ration Card Scheme enables ration card portability nationwide for migrants and their families.

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