It was founded in 1925 in Tamil Nadu by E.V. Ramasamy, who was commonly known as Periyar.
- Periyar was influenced by earlier reformers like Jyotirao Phule and B.R. Ambedkar.
- Periyar published Kudi Arasu, a Tamil Weekly and also took part in the Vaikom satyagraha.
About the Self-Respect Movement
- Objective: To eradicate the caste system, encourage rational thinking, and oppose the dominance of Brahminical traditions.
- Objectives were outlined in two pamphlets: Namathu Kurikkol and Tiravitak Kalaka Lateiyam.
- It emphasized rationalism, equality, and individual dignity over ritualism and social hierarchy.
- Women’s leadership: Two prominent female leaders of the movement were Annai Meenambal and Veeramal.
- Features of the Movement
- Self-Respect marriages: The movement introduced Hindu weddings without priests, making them legally recognized.
- Social Upliftment: The movement opposed the Devadasi system, caste discrimination, and restrictions on widow remarriage, promoting social equality.
- Self-Respect Conference: In 1929, Periyar held the first provincial conference at Chengalpattu, led by W.P.A. Soundara Pandian.
- Significance: Instilled dignity and political awareness among non-Brahmins and laid the foundation for Dravidian politics and welfare governance in Tamil Nadu.
