IMF Assigns Second-Lowest ‘C’ Rating to India’s National Accounts Statistics (NAS) and Inflation Data | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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In Summary

IMF rated India's national accounts and inflation data as the second-lowest 'C', citing outdated base years, lack of updated sources, and methodological issues that hinder accurate economic surveillance and analysis.

In Summary

IMF Grading is divided into four grades:

  • A: The data provided are adequate for surveillance.
  • B: Data have some shortcomings but is broadly adequate for surveillance.
  • C: Data have some shortcomings that somewhat hamper surveillance.
  • D: Data have serious shortcomings that significantly hamper surveillance.

Key Issues highlighted by IMF 

  • Outdated Base Year (2011-12) for GDP calculation: fails to reflect current production technology and user preferences, which can lead to over or underestimating economic activity.
  • Need to use updated data sources: E.g. Household consumption and expenditure survey (HCES), Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), etc. to better capture the structural changes in the economy.
  • Lack of Seasonally Adjusted Data: National accounts are not seasonally adjusted, making it difficult to interpret short-term quarterly movements.
  • Outdated statistical techniques in the quarterly national accounts data.
  • Lack of Producer Prices Indices (PPI)Excessive use of single deflation i.e. Wholesale Price Index (WPI), may introduce cyclical biases. 
  • Outdated CPI Components: The IMF highlights that the current CPI base year, items basket, and weights are outdated (2011/12).

IMF’s Recommendation

Going forward, regular benchmark revisions of national account, price, and other key statistics should be conducted according to international best practices.

Key Statistical Indicators of Economy

  • Gross Domestic Production (GDP): It is the total money value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in one year.
  • Gross Value Added (GVA): It is the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption. The value that producers have added to goods and services.
  • Wholesale Price Index (WPI): It measures the average change in the prices of goods at the wholesale level. It covers mainly goods, not services.
  • Consumer Price Index (CPI): It measures the average change in prices of goods and services consumed by households.
  • Producer Price Index (PPI): It measures the average change in selling prices received by domestic producers. It captures inflation at the producer or factory gate level.
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