India’s Imperative to Fortify Biosecurity | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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    India’s Imperative to Fortify Biosecurity

    Posted 16 Dec 2025

    2 min read

    Article Summary

    Article Summary

    India must strengthen biosecurity through laws, agency coordination, research, and technology to mitigate risks from biological threats, pathogens, biotech misuse, and global security challenges.

    Biosecurity refers to the set of practices and systems designed to deter the intentional misuse of biological agents, toxins or technologies.

    Why India needs Biosecurity?

    • Agriculture & Food Security Risk: Dependence on agriculture and livestock makes India vulnerable to agro-terrorism and bio-sabotage.
    • Geographical: Porous and maritime borders risk cross-border movement of pathogens and invasive species.
    • Non-State Actor Threats: Access to low-cost toxins (like ricin) increase risk of asymmetric biological warfare.
    • Biotechnology Proliferation: New-age biotech tools increase the risk of misuse and accidental leaks.
    • Public Health: Biosecurity incidents can cripple healthcare systems. E.g. Zoonotic spill-over of diseases

    Way Forward:

    • Legislative and Regulatory Framework:
      • India needs a dedicated biosecurity law addressing modern threats E.g. dual-use dilemma
      • Global models integrate health, defence, and biotech oversight. E.g. US National Biodefense Strategy, Australia’s Biosecurity Act.
    • Nodal biosecurity agency: Streamline Interagency coordination across health, agriculture, and defence ministries.
    • Research and Development: Focus on defence-oriented virology, vaccines, and bio-threat mitigation.
    • New-age Biodefence technologies: E.g. Microbial forensics, social media surveillance.

    Initiatives:

    Global:

    • Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) (1975): Legally binding international treaty banning biological weapons.
    • Australia Group: Informal international forum to coordinate export controls, preventing spread of chemical and biological weapons.

    India:

    • Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: Governs hazardous microorganisms and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
    • Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Act, 2005: Criminalizes biological weapons.
    • Others: Biosafety Rules (1989), National Disaster Management Authority Guidelines on Biological disasters.
    • Tags :
    • Biosecurity
    • Biological Weapons Convention
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