A bilateral treaty between two countries that coordinate their social security systems to ensure that individuals who have worked in both countries are not disadvantaged. It typically covers issues like pensions, disability benefits, and health insurance, preventing double contributions and ensuring coverage.

A democratic form of government in which the party with the majority of seats in the parliament forms the government. The executive branch (led by a Prime Minister) is accountable to the legislature (parliament).

A system of government where a monarch (king or queen) acts as the head of state, but their powers are limited by a constitution. The monarch's role is largely ceremonial, with real political power residing in elected representatives, typically a parliament.