Strengthening domestic energy security through decentralised bioenergy systems | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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In Summary

  • Decentralised bioenergy systems locally produce heat, electricity, or biogas from organic waste and crop residues, addressing energy supply chain issues.
  • Key technologies include biomass gasification for dry residues and anaerobic digesters for wet waste, offering solutions for waste management and energy security.
  • Initiatives like the National Bioenergy Programme, SATAT, and GOBAR-Dhan scheme promote bioenergy production and utilization across India.

In Summary

Decentralised bioenergy systems present a solution for the uncertain global energy supply chains and rising fuel prices in India.

About Decentralised Bioenergy Systems

  • It refers to the local production and consumption of heat, electricity, or biogas from organic waste and crop residues. 
  • Key Technologies involved:
    • Biomass Gasification: Converts dry agricultural residues (husk, stalks) into combustible producer gas to run small engines or provide industrial heat.
    • Biogas & Anaerobic Digesters: Converts wet waste (food scraps, animal manure) into biogas for cooking and electricity.

Significance

  • Waste Management: Turns municipal solid waste and farm residues into valuable resources.
  • Energy Security: Provides off-grid and micro-grid solutions to remote or underdeveloped regions. 
  • Economic Empowerment: Drives local job creation and supports small-scale farming and MSME operations.

Initiatives taken for Promoting Bioenergy

  • National Bioenergy Programme (NBP): It includes Waste to Energy, Biomass and Biogas Programme.
  • National Policy on Biofuels (2018, Revised 2022): Advanced the target of 20% blending of ethanol in petrol to 2025-26.
  • SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation): To establish an ecosystem for production of Compressed Bio Gas (CBG) from various waste/ biomass sources.
  • GOBAR-Dhan Scheme (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources): Converts biodegradable wastes like cattle dung, agricultural residue into wealth and energy.
  • Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana: Provides financial support for advanced biofuels projects.
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Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana

A scheme providing financial assistance and support for setting up advanced biofuels projects, encouraging the development and commercialization of next-generation biofuels in India.

GOBAR-Dhan Scheme

A scheme in India that focuses on converting biodegradable wastes, such as cattle dung and agricultural residue, into valuable resources like biogas and manure, thereby promoting rural sanitation and energy security.

SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation)

An initiative by the government to promote the production and use of Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) from agricultural waste and other organic matter, which can indirectly support natural farming by creating value for agricultural by-products.

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