Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Yearbook 2026 Released | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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ESC

In Summary

  • Global nuclear warheads estimated at 12,187 in Jan 2026; India has 190, with 12 deployed.
  • Global military expenditure hit $2.9 trillion in 2025; India ranked 5th at $92.1 billion.
  • India is the 2nd largest arms importer; techno-strategic warfare is reshaping global conflict.

In Summary

Key Highlights of the Report

  • Total Nuclear Weapons: approximately 12,187 nuclear warheads as of January 2026.
    • India increased its nuclear warheads to an estimated 190 (China 620, Pakistan 170), of which 12 warheads are deployed on missiles.
  • Global Military Expenditure: reached a record US$ 2.9 trillion in 2025, marking the 11th consecutive year of increase.
    • India ranked as the 5th largest military spender globally with US$ 92.1 billion in 2025 (USA- Largest at $954 billion).
    • Arms Imports: India remained the 2nd largest arms importer (~8% share) in the world after Ukraine.
    • Arms Exports:USA (42% share), France, Russia, Germany and China accounted for 70%.
  • Global Armed Conflict: The number of interstate armed conflicts doubled from 3 in 2024 to 6 in 2025, highlighting rising geopolitical instability.
  • Techno-Strategic Warfare: Growing use of AI, drone swarms, autonomous weapons, cyber tools, and weaponization of critical minerals, semiconductors and supply chains is reshaping modern warfare and geopolitical competition.

Global Mechanisms for Nuclear Disarmament

  • UNODA (United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs): Promotes global disarmament and supports arms-control implementation.
  • CD (Conference on Disarmament, 1978): Main multilateral forum for negotiating arms-control and disarmament agreements.
  • Major Treaties
    • NPT (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1968): Prevents nuclear weapon spread while promoting peaceful nuclear use and disarmament.
    • CTBT (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, 1996): Bans all nuclear test explosions.
    • TPNW (Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, 2017): Bans the development, possession, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons.
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CD

Conference on Disarmament. Established in 1978, it is the world's single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum. Its primary role is to negotiate and conclude arms control and disarmament agreements.

TPNW

परमाणु हथियारों के निषेध पर संधि (Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons) एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय संधि है जो परमाणु हथियारों के विकास, परीक्षण, उत्पादन, अधिग्रहण, कब्जे, भंडारण, हस्तांतरण, उपयोग या उपयोग की धमकी को प्रतिबंधित करती है।

CTBT

व्यापक परमाणु परीक्षण प्रतिबंध संधि (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty) एक अंतरराष्ट्रीय संधि है जो सभी प्रकार के परमाणु विस्फोटों पर प्रतिबंध लगाती है।

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