India's Engagement with the Taliban
Indian Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri's meeting with the Taliban's acting foreign minister, Amir Khan Muttaqi, in Dubai marks a significant elevation in dialogue between India and the Taliban regime in Kabul. Despite not formally recognizing the Taliban, India has maintained functional channels of communication since the regime's rise in August 2021.
Geopolitical Context
- India condemned Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan, which resulted in civilian casualties, and opposed Pakistan's rationale of targeting Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) camps.
- The Taliban's refusal to acknowledge the Durand Line, a colonial demarcation, and support for TTP's pan-Pashtun ambitions challenge Pakistan's strategic depth aspirations.
- Pakistan faces threats from an estimated 6,000-6,500 TTP fighters supported by the Taliban, highlighting Pakistan's own historical support for such groups.
Regional and International Dynamics
- Links between the Taliban, TTP, and al-Qaeda remain strong, as they collaborate against the Islamic State Khorasan Province.
- Syria's situation with Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) raises questions about possible rehabilitation of the Taliban regime.
- International players like China, Russia, and Pakistan have engaged with Taliban 2.0, while India continues cautious engagement.
India's Strategic Opportunities
- India has reinstated a presence in Kabul by dispatching a technical team in 2022, after initially recalling all personnel.
- The Taliban seeks international recognition, which the UN Credentials Committee has consistently denied.
- India can leverage its expertise in cricket to engage Afghan youth and strengthen bilateral relations.
Humanitarian Assistance and Cooperation
- Post the Misri-Muttaqi meeting, India pledged material support for Afghanistan's health sector and refugee rehabilitation.
- India has provided essential medicines, vaccines, and other supplies, allocating Rs 200 crore for Afghanistan in the 2024-25 budget.
- India's collaboration with Iran via Chabahar Port could enhance support for Afghan refugees and address humanitarian needs.
Conclusion
India's engagement with the Taliban, amidst a complex geopolitical landscape, reflects a pragmatic approach to securing regional interests and humanitarian obligations. Strengthening ties with Afghanistan can further India's "Act West" policy, recognizing the Taliban's enduring presence.