Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: Understanding and Treatment Innovations
A team of scientists has made significant advancements in understanding and treating signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), a rare and aggressive form of colorectal cancer (CRC) originating in the colon or rectum.
Characteristics of SRCC
- SRCC is named for its unique cellular appearance, resembling a signet ring under a microscope.
- This type of cancer spreads rapidly, resists conventional therapies, and is often diagnosed at advanced stages.
- A significant challenge in treatment is its tendency to spread to the peritoneum, leading to a poor prognosis.
Prevalence of SRCC in India
- Globally, SRCC represents about 1% of all CRC cases.
- In India, it affects a disproportionately larger number of patients, often younger individuals.
- The highest incidence rates in India are found in central and northern regions.
Innovative Research Findings
- The study conducted by Nazia Chaudhary at the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) introduced new analytical methods.
- Researchers developed patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs), miniaturized tumor models for in-depth examination and treatment testing.
- This biobank of SRCC models enabled the discovery of molecular features explaining resistance to traditional chemotherapy.
- A promising outcome was achieved with a novel three-drug regimen that reduced tumor size and prevented cancer spread in lab models.
Implications and Future Directions
- The findings could lead to clinical trials and new treatment options.
- Phase 1 clinical trials are necessary for further exploration of these therapies.
The study titled ‘Patient-Derived Organoids and Xenografts Uncover Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinomas’ was published in the journal Clinical Cancer Research.
Source: Anuradha Mascarenhas, The Indian Express
