Impact of Electric Vehicles on Air Pollution
Electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, aiding the fight against climate change. However, a study by Indian researchers highlights a potential downside: EVs may exacerbate air pollution.
Study Findings
Published in Soft Matter, the study indicates that due to their heavier weight, EVs experience greater tyre wear, leading to the release of more small plastic particles into the atmosphere. This has potential negative implications for human health and the environment.
Tyre Degradation Process
- The disintegration of tyres releases small rubber particles considered air pollutants.
- Particles are produced in two main sizes:
- 1-10 micrometres
- More than 100 micrometres
- Heavier and faster-moving vehicles generate a higher proportion of smaller particles that remain airborne, increasing air pollution.
- Different tyre degradation processes produce different particle sizes:
- Primary fragmentation: Sudden braking or pothole encounters release mainly smaller particles.
- Sequential fragmentation: Gradual wear releases larger particles.
Global Relevance
The study's findings are significant as EV adoption increases worldwide. EVs are inherently heavier due to their batteries, which can weigh between 300 kg and 900 kg, necessitating additional vehicle frame reinforcement. This results in increased tyre stress and plastic particle release.
Statistics and Trends
- EVs make up about 2% of global vehicles but represented 20% of new car sales last year.
- In India, EVs comprised 2.5% of car sales in 2024, with a target of 30% by 2030.
- In China, EVs accounted for almost half of all car sales last year.
