Overview of Post-World War International Order

The post-World War international order was based on the principle of 'complex interdependence,' a concept introduced by political scientists Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. This idea suggested that trade, finance, technology, and institutions could bind countries, making cooperation more beneficial than coercion.

Current Challenges to the International Order

This framework is currently under pressure due to actions like the US's use of tariffs as a political tool, exemplified by its recent 50% tariff on Brazil. This was not intended to correct deficits but as a coercive measure related to Brazil's domestic politics.

Brazil's Response and Global Implications

• Brazil's Strategy: Brazil refused to settle privately and took the matter to the World Trade Organization (WTO).
• BRICS Involvement: Brazil initiated a BRICS summit to discuss responses, showcasing Brazil's diversified trade, notably with China, and the limited impact of U.S. tariffs.

India's Position and Regional Integration

• India's Trade Dynamics: Despite increased exports to BRICS, India's trade with South Asian neighbors remains limited, highlighting a need for regional integration.
• Global Leadership Role: India's G20 presidency and involvement in global governance reform are crucial for a fairer order.

Lessons and Strategic Imperatives

• Structural Logic: India should internalize Brazil’s strategic logic, emphasizing institution-building and coalition-forming to defend sovereignty.
• Environmental Concerns: India faces ecological pressures similar to Brazil, necessitating a robust defense of biodiversity and traditional knowledge as global commons.

Conclusion

The interconnected crises in climate, trade, and food security require emerging economies to set their collective norms. Brazil's defiance demonstrates the possibility of resisting coercion while adhering to international rules. For India and others, defending sovereignty, preserving multilateralism, and reforming global governance are joint endeavors critical for future success.