Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Relations: Historical Context and Developments
The relationship between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia has been shaped by historical and geopolitical events over the decades, prominently marked by two major conflicts: the 1973 Yom Kippur War and the 2023 Gaza conflict.
1973 Yom Kippur War
- The Yom Kippur War led to a shift in global and regional dynamics, prompting Pakistan to align with Saudi Arabia despite its previous alliance with the U.S.
- Pakistan supported the Arab countries, influenced by the oil embargo initiated by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia against the West.
- Pakistani pilots joined the Syrian Air Force, contributing to the military efforts against Israel, which enhanced Pakistan's standing among Arab nations.
1974 Islamic Summit in Lahore
- Following the 1973 war, Pakistan hosted an Islamic Summit in Lahore, attended by significant Arab and Muslim leaders, aiming to strengthen Muslim solidarity.
- The summit symbolized reconciliation efforts, notably between Pakistan and newly independent Bangladesh.
Petrodollar Diplomacy
- In the wake of growing petrodollar wealth in the Gulf, Pakistan sought financial assistance from wealthy Gulf nations like Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
- Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's efforts led to substantial financial aid from Saudi Arabia, amounting to $300 million, facilitated by King Faisal.
- This financial support played a crucial role in Pakistan's economic recovery post-1971 and contributed to its development as a nuclear power.
2023 Gaza Conflict
- The recent Gaza conflict has once again brought Pakistan and Saudi Arabia closer, with Saudi support likely influenced by Israeli actions in the region, particularly in Qatar.
- The partnership between the two countries has strengthened over half a century, forged through shared strategic interests and historical alliances.
