Heatwave in Europe and Climatic Phenomena
Current Heatwave in Europe
Western and central Europe are experiencing an extraordinary heatwave, with temperatures significantly higher than normal for this time of year. Countries such as the UK and France have recorded unprecedented temperatures for May, with several areas exceeding 35 degrees Celsius, which is unusual as average temperatures usually range from 20-22 degrees Celsius.
- Heatwaves are typically caused by high-pressure air systems that trap warm surface air.
- The current heatwave is linked to the formation of a "heat dome".
- Unprecedented heat has brought back memories of the extreme summers in 2022 and 2023.
- A large-scale drought in 2022 and record-breaking temperatures caused several deaths.
Impact and Future Expectations
The heatwave in May is a precursor to the core summer months of June and July, which previously recorded extreme temperatures.
- This early heatwave could indicate a more severe summer.
- Current forecasts predict the heatwave will dissipate soon with temperatures returning to normal.
Role of El Niño and La Niña
The heat in Europe is attributed to the formation of a "heat dome" and coincides with the development of a strong El Niño phase, which contrasts the strong La Niña that occurred in 2022.
- El Niño refers to the unusual warming of surface waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
- The emergence of El Niño is expected to impact global weather patterns, including in India.
- La Niña typically has a cooling effect, whereas El Niño has a warming effect.
Implications for India
The impending El Niño is a significant concern for India, as it is expected to affect the monsoon and trigger higher temperatures.
- The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasts below-normal rainfall for the June-September monsoon season.
- Past records indicate a 70% likelihood of below-normal monsoon rainfall during El Niño years.
- There is a strong link between El Niño and the frequency/severity of heatwaves in India.
- The phenomenon is expected to mature fully by July, affecting rainfall in August and September.
