Act East Policy: Strategic Shift in India's Foreign Policy
Overview
Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Indonesia, Australia, and New Zealand underscores the significance of India's Act East Policy. This policy marks a strategic shift from the previous Look East Policy and aims to enhance economic cooperation, cultural ties, and strategic relationships with Indo-Pacific nations.
Historical Context
- The Look East Policy was initiated in 1991, primarily focusing on Southeast Asia and economic engagement.
- Modi's declaration at the 12th ASEAN-India Summit in 2014 transformed it into the Act East Policy, expanding the focus to security, culture, and connectivity.
Strategic Objectives
- Engagement at bilateral and multilateral levels.
- Strengthening historical linkages, particularly in culture and trade with East Asia.
- Enhancing India's role as a net security provider in the Indian Ocean.
Geopolitical Context
The rise of the Indo-Pacific as a geopolitical concept and the Quad's revival among democracies indicate strategic shifts. The US views India as a strategic partner in the region, especially with China's growing assertiveness.
Challenges
- Political instability in neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh.
- Inconsistencies in the positions of extra-regional powers like the United States.
- Lack of adequate infrastructure in Northeast India as a gateway to East Asia.
India's Initiatives
Initiatives like SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region), IPOI (Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative), and MAHASAGAR reflect India's commitment to ensuring regional security and cooperation.
Conclusion
Despite challenges, the Act East Policy has strengthened India's partnerships with ASEAN, positioned it as a maritime power, and bolstered cooperation with like-minded democracies. Tehyi Hsieh's observation highlights the mutual learning between the East and West, emphasizing cultural exchange.
