Australia decides to allow non-citizen residents from the Five Eyes Alliance to join its armed forces.

Five Eyes Alliance

• It's a multilateral intelligence-sharing network between US, UK, Canada, Australia, & New Zealand. 
• These partner countries share a broad range of intelligence with one another.
• They have established Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and Review Council to increase cooperation.
• It includes the non-political intelligence oversight, review, and security entities of the Five Eyes countries. 

It was first proposed by American sociologist Samuel H. Preston in 1975.  

• It highlights that an increase in the per capita income of a country does not cause much of a rise in the life expectancy of its population beyond a point. 
  • When a poor country begins to grow, its per capita income rises and causes an increase in life expectancy initially due to nutrition, sanitation and access better healthcare.
  • However, it begins to flatten out after a certain point.

Depreciation of Rupee means fall in the value of rupee  as compared to another currency due to market forces such as supply and demand

• Reasons: Political instability, outflow of capital
• Benefits: Boosts exports, discourages imports
• Issues: May give rise to inflation, expose companies to foreign exchange risks.
• Measures to control: RBI can Sell forex reserves, encourage capital flows in NRI deposits
• Devaluation is the deliberate downward adjustment in the official exchange rate by reducing the currency's value
  • It is done either by the government or a central bank

FSSAI directs FBOs to remove claims of ‘100% fruit juice’ from labels and ads.

• As per FSSAI,there is no provision of such claims as per Food Safety and Standards (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018.
• The directive  states that products must be labelled in accordance with the Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020. 
  • In the ingredient list, the word “reconstituted” must be mentioned against the name of the juice.
  • If added nutritive sweeteners exceed 15 gm/kg, product must be labelled as ‘Sweetened juice’.

China's Chang’e-6 spacecraft takes off from the moon to bring back samples from the far side of the Moon.

Benefits of lunar sample

• Useful information about the early history of the Moon and  the Earth.
• Help in understanding  continued development of planetary bodies.
• Help in understanding interaction of planetary surfaces with radiations and particles.

Challenges associated

• Collection of samples from challenging locations on the moon.
• Problems related to sample preservation and contamination.

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) seeks to provide oral formulation of Hydroxyurea to treat sickle cell disease (SCD) in children.

About Hydroxyurea

• It is in a class of medications called antimetabolites.
• It treats sickle cell anemia by helping to prevent formation of sickle-shaped Red blood cells(RBCs).

About SCD

• It’s a group of inherited disorders that changes the shapes of RBCs from round to a C-shaped farm tool called sickle.
• India has the highest prevalence of SCD  in South Asia (over 20 million).

Researchers found that when infected by viruses, bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae) use Ribonucleic acid (RNA) to bind Reverse transcriptase.

About RT

• They are RNA-dependent Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) polymerases, a group of enzymes that play a unique role in the flow of genetic information. 
• These enzymes enable the reverse transcription reaction.
  • Reverse transcription is the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template.

A research group found that Hawking radiation should be observable by existing telescopes.

About Hawking Radiation (HR)

• It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who hypothesized HR in 1974.
• It has never been directly observed.
• In the Universe pairs of particles come into existence only to rapidly recombine and disappear.
• However, If one particle (of the pair of particles) crosses the event horizon (the outer edge of black holes) then it is forever separated from its companion.
  • The particles that are left outside the event horizon are called ‘Hawking radiation’.