Russian Missiles hit Children's Cancer Hospital in Kyiv (Ukraine)

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Such incidents raise debate around the Ethics of War leading to the question whether a war is ever justified.

According to Tolstoyan view war is a crime under all circumstances.
Whereas, ‘Just War’ theory presumes that there are legitimate uses of war under certain circumstance (refer to the box in the end)

Key Stakeholders involved in a war and their interest

Countries: Fulfilling the objective of war like resolving territorial disputes.
Citizens: Desire for end of war and desire to fulfil national interest.
Soldiers: Defending their country and its interests.
Industries, and Financial Institutions: Disruptions in supply chains, loss of investments, etc.
International community: Provide humanitarian aid, diplomatic support, or engage in peacekeeping efforts

Loss of human life including civilians, women and children
Degradation of Moral Equality by dehumanization of the enemy, Prisoners of War, etc.
- Moral Equality is the belief that all people are of equal worth and are entitled to equal respect.
War Crimes and Atrocities, including genocide, and summary execution.
Fear of arms race and use of weapons of mass destruction

Vedic literature, Mahabharat, etc. have emphasised on Just war.
In West Aristotle, Cicero, Augustine, etc. have espoused some form of a just war philosophy.
It incorporates:
- Jus ad bellum (moral justifications for going to war): Requires that the cause for war is just; the right authority makes the decision; war is a last resort; etc.
- Jus in bello (moral principles to follow during war): Governs the treatment of prisoners; requires the protection of civilians, and prohibits the disproportionate use of force.
- Jus post bellum (justice after war).