Bhil tribe demanding an independent tribal state i.e., Bhil Pradesh, comprising parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. 

Factors driving Demand for New States in post-independence India

• Linguistic diversity: Creation of Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1960
• Cultural identity: Demand for Statehood for the Gorkhaland region of west Bengal
• Developmental differences:  Demand for the Vidarbha, region of Maharashtra
• Administrative efficiency: Demand of Harit Pradesh from Uttar Pradesh

Advantage of smaller state

• Better Governance: More focused administration, quicker decision-making and policy implementation etc.
• Economic Development: Targeted policies for local needs, better utilization of natural resources, etc
• Administrative Efficiency: Easier management of smaller geographical areas.
• Other: Reduced regional disparities, Distribution of power from larger units to smaller ones, etc. 

Concerns 

• Administrative challenges: The initial costs of setting up new state machinery are very high. 
• Conflicts: Possibility of increased conflict over interstate river water, land borders, etc. 
• Regionalism: Fragmentation and weakening national unity. 
• Economical Concerns: Potential financial burden on central government, Smaller markets might be less attractive for large-scale investments, etc. 
• Pandora box: Creation of new states can further lead to the demand for and creation of other new states.