Mandya Inscription Highlights Hoysala–Tamil Connections | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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In Summary

  • Hoysala Dynasty (10th-14th Century) ruled parts of Southern Deccan, with capitals at Belur and Halebidu.
  • Hoysala architecture, a hybrid Vesara style using soapstone, features stellate plans and influences from Bhumija style.
  • The Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas, including temples at Belur, Halebidu, and Somanathapur, are the 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

In Summary

An inscription engraved on a slab at the Sri Mahalakshmi Temple offers fresh insights into the 12th century, highlighting close ties.

About Hoysala Dynasty (10th to 14th Century)

  • Region: Parts of Southern Deccan and Kaveri (Cauvery) River valley
  • Capital: The initial capital was Belur, later shifted to Halebidu (also known by the name Dwarasamudra/ Dorasamudra).
  • Founders: Nripa Kama II (started as a feudatory of the Western Gangas).
  • Administration: The kingdom was divided into Nadus, Kampanas, Vishayas and Deshas (in descending order).
  • The Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas in Karnataka, 
    • These were declared as the 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS).
    • Includes the temples of Chennakeshava (Belur), Hoysaleshwara (Halebidu), and Keshava (Somanathapur).
  • Hoysala Architecture Style
    • Followed the hybrid or Vesara temple style (Basic blend of Dravidian and Nagara style).
      • Show a strong influence of ‘Bhumija’(a variety of North Indian shikhara).
    • Style: Followed a stellate plan (looking like a star) built on a raised platform (adhisthana).
    • Material used: Soapstone, which is soft and amenable to carving.
    • Shrine types: Ekakuta (single sanctum), Dvikuta (double sanctum), Trikuta (triple sanctum) and Rare Panchakuta (five shrines)
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Ekakuta, Dvikuta, Trikuta, Panchakuta

These terms refer to the number of sanctums (garbhagrihas) in a temple complex. Ekakuta has one sanctum, Dvikuta has two, Trikuta has three, and Panchakuta has five. This classification indicates the structural organization of shrine types in Hoysala temples.

Soapstone

A soft, easily carved metamorphic rock (talc-schist) that was the primary material used for the construction and intricate sculptural decoration of Hoysala temples. Its malleability allowed for detailed carvings.

Adhisthana

The raised platform or base on which a temple or other structure is built. In Hoysala architecture, the adhisthana was often elaborately carved and contributed to the elevated appearance of the temple.

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