Strengthening Special Economic Zones (SEZs) for Global Competitiveness & Growth | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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ESC

In Summary

  • CBIC offers one-time relief for SEZ units to sell goods domestically at concessional customs duty from April 1, 2026, to March 31, 2027.
  • SEZs, governed by the SEZ Act 2005, are duty-free enclaves that have attracted significant investment and created over 31.73 lakh jobs by December 2025.
  • SEZs contribute to export growth, infrastructure development, and global competitiveness, particularly in electronics and semiconductors.

In Summary

The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs has introduced a one-time relief measure allowing eligible manufacturing units in SEZs to sell goods in the Domestic Tariff Area (Indian markets domestically) at concessional customs duty rates.

  • The relief will be effective from April 1, 2026, to March 31, 2027 to help SEZ manufacturers cope with global trade disruptions.

About SEZs:

  • Overview: They are specifically delineated, duty-free enclaves treated as foreign territory for trade operations and customs duties.
  • Current Status: India has 368 notified SEZs (Feb 2026).
  • Legal Provisions: SEZs are governed by the SEZ Act of 2005 and SEZ Rules of 2006, which provide a simplified regulatory framework.

Significance of SEZs

  • Export Growth: Generating ₹11.70 lakh crore by December 2025.
  • Investment Hubs: Attracted ₹7.86 lakh crore in combined domestic and foreign investments as of December 2025.
  • Job Creation: Over 31.73 lakh jobs by December 2025.
  • Infrastructure Development: Including Mundra Port, Kandla Port, Sri City, and GIFT City.
  • Tech & Innovation: Accelerated high-value manufacturing, research, and technological adoption, particularly in the electronics and semiconductor sectors.
  • Global Competitiveness: Established India as a stable and reliable destination for international trade and investment.
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RELATED TERMS

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GIFT City

Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, India's first operational smart city and an International Financial Services Centre (IFSC), designed to attract global financial services and facilitate business.

SEZ Act of 2005 and SEZ Rules of 2006

These are the primary legal frameworks governing Special Economic Zones in India. The Act provides the legislative backing, while the Rules detail the operational procedures, incentives, and compliance requirements for SEZs and their units.

Concessional Customs Duty

Concessional customs duty refers to a reduced rate of tax levied on imported or exported goods, as opposed to the standard or full rate. This measure aims to provide relief or incentives.

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