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In Summary

  • India and Turkiye held 12th Foreign Office Consultations to restore bilateral relations.
  • Turkiye is a transcontinental country bordering Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.
  • Key geographical features include the Anatolian Plateau, Taurus and Pontic mountains, Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits.

In Summary

India and Turkiye held 12th round of Foreign Office Consultations (FoC) to restore bilateral relations ruptured during the India-Pakistan conflict last year.

Political Features 

  • Location: It is a transcontinental Eurasian country with the major part located in Western Asia, while a small part located on Southeastern Europe's Balkan Peninsula.
  • Bordering Countries: Greece and Bulgaria (northwest), Georgia (northeast), Armenia and Iran (east), Iraq (southeast), Syria (south).
    • Nakhchivan, an exclave of Azerbaijan also borders Turkiye to the east.
  • Coastline: Black Sea (north), Aegean Sea (west) and Mediterranean Sea (south).

Geographical Features:

  • Plateau: Anatolia
  • Major Mountains: Taurus, Koroglu and Pontic ranges.
    • Highest Peak: Mt. Ararat (largest volcano in Turkey).
  • Key Rivers: Tigris, Kizilirmak, Sakarya, and Euphrates. 
  • Major Lake: Lake Van (the largest alkaline lake in the world).
  • Straits: Bosphorus (connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara) and Dardanelles (connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara).
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Alkaline lake

A lake with a pH value higher than 7, often containing high concentrations of dissolved alkali salts. Lake Van in Turkey is noted as the largest alkaline lake globally.

Straits

Narrow passages of water that connect two larger bodies of water. Turkey's Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits are strategically important, linking the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara, and facilitating maritime trade and passage.

Exclave

A territory that is geographically separated from the main part of a country by the territory of one or more other countries. In the context of Angola, the Cabinda exclave is part of Angola but is separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo.

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