Leader of Opposition has recorded his dissent on selection of next CBI chief.

About CBI Director Selection Committee

• As per the Section 4A of Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act 1946, the CBI Director is appointed by the Central Government on the recommendation of a 3-members committee consisting of
  • Prime Minister (Chairperson)
  • Chief Justice of India (or Judge of the Supreme Court nominated by him)
  • Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha (or the leader of the single largest opposition party in Lok Sabha).

• Tenure: 2 years, extendable to 3 more years (1 year at a time).

Scientists have found that drugs called PD-1 inhibitors can make the blood-brain barrier more permeable.

About PD-1 inhibitors

• PD-1 inhibitor stands for Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 inhibitor.
• A PD-1 inhibitor is a type of immunotherapy drug (checkpoint inhibitor) that blocks the PD-1 checkpoint protein, helping the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. 
  • An immune checkpoint inhibitor (or just checkpoint inhibitor) is a type of monoclonal antibody, a lab-made protein designed to block checkpoint proteins.
  • Checkpoint proteins act like switches which turn the immune response on or off and regulate its degree of activation.
• Immunotherapy is a broad category of cancer therapies that triggers the body's immune system to fight cancer cells.

OpenAI and Anthropic are expanding into enterprise AI solutions, a trend that may disrupt the traditional outsourcing-driven Indian IT industry.

Enterprise AI

• Enterprise AI refers to the integration of Artificial Intelligence technologies such as machine learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP) and computer vision into large organizations to improve efficiency and decision-making.
• Application: Used in supply chain, finance, HR, healthcare, cybersecurity and customer service.
  • Enables automation, fraud detection, predictive analytics and personalized services.
• Challenges: Requires scalable, secure and governed systems with high-quality data infrastructure and may compromise data privacy, cybersecurity risks and workforce displacement.

A recent study has found that the Centre’s old-age pension assistance of ₹200–500 under the NSAP has been significantly eroded over time due to inflation.

• The study has recommended a National Floor Pension (NFP) on the lines of the National Floor Level Minimum Wage set by the Ministry of Labour and Employment.

About National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), 1995

• Provides social assistance to Below Poverty Line elderly, widows, disabled persons and bereaved families.
• Centrally Sponsored Scheme, administered by Ministry of Rural Development
• Based on Article 41 of DPSP related to public assistance.
• Key schemes:
  • National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS)
  • National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)
  • National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS)
  • National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
  • Annapurna Scheme
• Implemented across rural and urban areas with support of States/UTs.

• It promotes social security, dignity and financial inclusion of vulnerable groups.

Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) signed MoU with Reserve Bank Innovation Hub to curtail mule accounts. 

About Mule Accounts

• Mule accounts are bank accounts used by cyber criminals to illegally transfer or launder stolen money obtained through cyber frauds.
• Often opened using fake identities or by exploiting unsuspecting individuals.
• Used to hide the real beneficiary and create layers in digital financial fraud.
• MuleHunter.AI, an AI-based system for detecting and preventing mule accounts, has been launched by the RBI in 2024. 

Released by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC).

Key Highlights

• Over 82 million people were internally displaced across 104 countries by 2025.
  • Conflict and violence displaced 68.6 million people, far exceeding disaster-related displacement.
• Sudan, Palestine, Iran, and Democratic Republic of the Congo were among the worst-affected regions.

Gujarat, along with five other states, was felicitated for its exceptional contribution to the large-scale integration and adoption of DigiLocker across State government services. 

About DigiLocker 

• It aims at ‘Digital Empowerment’ of citizen by providing access to authentic digital documents to citizen’s digital document wallet.
• It is a flagship initiative of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology under Digital India Programme.
• Documents are legally valid under IT Rules, 2016.
• Benefits: 
  • Enables paperless governance and reduces administrative burden.
  • Provides real-time verification and secure document exchange.
  • Ensures faster delivery of services in education, health, employment and financial inclusion.

The government issued the first insurance covers under its $1.5-billion Bharat Maritime Insurance Pool.

About Bharat Maritime Insurance Pool

• Purpose: Ensures continuous and affordable insurance despite withdrawal of foreign insurers during conflicts.
• Coverage: All maritime risks including hull, machinery, cargo, protection and indemnity (P&I) and war.
• Significance: strengthens trade security and self-reliance.