The period of governance by the Mughal Empire in India, established in the 16th century. Its rule was characterized by a centralized administration, significant cultural and architectural contributions, and later faced internal decline and resistance, including from Sikh forces.

Currency introduced by Baba Banda Singh Bahadur, bearing inscriptions in the name of Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh. Their issuance symbolized Sikh sovereignty and independence from Mughal authority.

A historical system of land tenure in India where a landlord (zamindar) was responsible for collecting revenue from peasants and paying a portion to the state. This system often led to concentrated land ownership and exploitation of agricultural laborers.