According to the study, India faced a pronounced impact from hotter heatwaves, further intensified by climate change.

• El Niño events have also increased the likelihood and intensity of heat waves over India.

About Heatwaves

• India Meteorological Department (IMD) declares a heatwave when the temperature of a place crosses 40 °C in the plains, 37°C in the coastal areas, and 30°C in the hills.

Impact of Heatwaves

• Impact on Vulnerable Sections: 
  • Forced schools to close down: resulting in education gap faced by children from low-income families, risk of dropouts, and negatively impacting human capital.
  • Old age People: A recent study highlighted that 245 mn more older adults, mostly in Asia, and Africa, will face acute heat.
• Reduced crop yields: By putting increased pressure on farmers, water resources, and agricultural systems.
• Other Impacts: Health Hazards (suspected deaths and heat stroke), Workers’ safety(Long working hours and no facilities)

Issues faced in addressing Heatwaves

• Heatwave Action Plans (HAPs) are often underfunded.
• HAP often ignores local contexts. 
• Lack of proper identification of vulnerable groups and periodic evaluations.

Way Forward

• Long-term adaptation management plans and climate change policies.
• Workplace interventions: Scheduled rest breaks, fixed work hours, and rest-shade-rehydrate programs.