National Investigation Agency (NIA), in a chargesheet, said that “China-Myanmar module” of the Isak-Muivah faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) supported cadres of banned Meitei outfits to infiltrate India.

• Infiltration was aimed to exploit the current ethnic unrest in Manipur with a larger goal to destabilize the State and wage a war against the Government of India.
  • Previously, Union Government signed a ceasefire pact in 1997 with NSCN-IM leadership in India and a framework agreement to find a political solution was signed with the group in 2015.

Insurgency in North-East Region (NER)

• For more than 50 years, the North East has seen an unending cycle of violent conflicts dominated by insurgencies with demands ranging from outright sovereignty to greater political autonomy.

Factors for persistence of insurgency in NER

• Ethnic conflict: Demands for separate statehood or autonomy by various ethnic groups, such as Nagas, Bodos, Kukis, etc.
• Illegal immigration and demographic changes: Influx of illegal immigrants, particularly from Bangladesh, leading to rise of organizations like ULFA in Assam.
• Developmental deficit: Limited infrastructure and economic opportunities in the region bred resentment among local population.
• External interference: Various insurgent groups have received support, training, and shelter from external actors.