IEEFA’s report examines five critical minerals - cobalt, copper, graphite, lithium and nickel - from perspectives of import dependency, trade dynamics, domestic availability, and global price fluctuations.

• Report finds that India remains heavily reliant on imports for these critical minerals, with 100% external dependence for lithium, cobalt, and nickel.
• India’s demand for critical minerals is expected to more than double by 2030.

About Critical Minerals

• A mineral is labelled as critical when risk of supply shortage and associated impact on economy is (relatively) higher than other raw materials. 

Concern related to Critical Minerals import dependence 

• Strategic Vulnerability: Dependence on a few key suppliers, especially China.
• Price Volatility: Fluctuations in global demand and supply may impact manufacturing cost and energy production.
• Economic Implications: Rising import costs can erode India's competitiveness in global markets.
• Renewable Energy Goals at Risk: High import could hinder India’s transition to clean energy and its electric vehicle ambitions.

Report Suggestions 

• India must develop strategies to mitigate risks associated with mineral dependencies and foster domestic production.
• Explore investment opportunities in resource-rich, friendly nations, like Australia, Chile, Ghana and South Africa.