GGB presents the latest analysis of observations from the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme on concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) in the atmosphere.

• WMO's GAW Programme monitors atmospheric composition changes and helps to understand interactions between air, oceans, and Earth's biosphere.

About GGB

• It compares current global carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous oxide (N2O) levels with last years and pre-industrial level (before year 1750).
  • It also provides insights on Radiative forcing changes by LLGHGs like CO2, CH4, and CFCs.
• CO2, CH4 and N2O, together with dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), account for approximately 96% of radiative forcing.

Key observations of the report

• GHGs concentration: The globally-averaged surface concentration of CO₂, CH4 & N2O (in 2023), are 151%, 265% and 125% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels.
• Radiative forcing (1990 to 2023): By long-lived LLGHGs increased by 51.5%, with CO₂ accounting for about 81%.
• Atmospheric methane (CH4): It saw its largest 3-year increase on record, driven by higher emissions from natural wetlands due to climate change.
• Climate change: It could make ecosystems release more greenhouse gases, wildfires emit more CO2, and oceans absorb less, amplifying global warming and ocean acidification.