India underscored the need for global climate justice and equitable action during the Second Annual High-Level Ministerial Round Table on Just Transition at CoP29 .

About Just Transition

• It is broadly defined as ensuring that no one is left behind or pushed behind in the transition to low carbon and environmentally sustainable economies and societies.

Need for just transition

• Climate Change Mitigation: Switching to low-carbon energy is key to limiting global warming.
• Global Commitments: Help in meeting India's Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and Panchamrita Pledge.
• Energy Security: Reduces reliance on fossil fuel imports.

Challenges in just transition

• Determining cost of just energy transition: At global level, there is no established empirical method to estimate the cost of a just energy transition 
• Intellectual Property Issues: IPR on green technologies hinders their access to developing countries.
• Ethical Dilemmas: Equity and Responsibility, Environmental Justice, Economic Justice etc.
• Other Issues: Limited domestic financial resources, May lead to high economic vulnerabilities etc.

Way ahead

• Unrestricted Technology Transfer
• Equitable Public Climate Finance from Developed Countries
• Strengthened International Cooperation and Trust in Climate Action
• Set up National Just Transition body to independently monitor Just transition