Indian Lab Designs Quantum Computing Algorithm to Beat Classical Computers | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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In Summary

  • BITS Pilani scientists, with IBM Quantum, simulated subatomic particles on 120 qubits, highlighting Quantum Advantage.
  • Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics for complex problems but faces challenges like decoherence, error correction, and hardware dependence.
  • India's National Quantum Mission (NQM) aims to develop quantum computers, secure communication, and quantum materials with a ₹6,003.65 crore budget.

In Summary

BITS Pilani scientists, collaborating with IBM Quantum, have simulated the behaviour of subatomic particles on 120 qubits of an IBM processor highlighting Quantum Advantage.

  • Quantum Advantage occurs when quantum computers execute specific, complex tasks faster, cheaper, or more accurately than the most powerful classical supercomputers

What is Quantum Computing?

Quantum computing is an advanced field of computing that harnesses the unique qualities of quantum mechanics to solve problems beyond the ability of even the most powerful classical computers.

Challenges with Quantum Computing

  • Decoherence and noise: Qubits lose quantum states quickly, degrading accuracy.
  • Error correction: Needs many physical qubits to create one reliable "logical" qubit.
  • Hardware dependence: Indigenous fabrication of qubit-grade materials and cryogenic systems is nascent.

National Quantum Mission (NQM)

  • Implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) with a ₹6,003.65 crore budget for 2023-2031.
  • Objectives: Develop quantum computers (50-1,000 physical qubits).
    • Secure and high-bandwidth communication infrastructure over 2,000 km. 
    • Inter-city quantum key distribution (QKD) over 2000 km.
    • Develop multi-node quantum network, magnetometers, and atomic clocks.
    • Develop Quantum materials for cutting-edge device fabrication.
  • Executed via four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs):  Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, and Quantum Materials & Devicesfollowing the Hub-Spoke-Spike model, across premier institutes.
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Hub-Spoke-Spike Model

A model for implementing research missions where specialized 'hubs' at leading institutions focus on specific thematic areas, supported by 'spokes' and connected through 'spikes' for broader impact and collaboration.

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)

A secure communication method that utilizes quantum mechanical principles like entanglement to generate and distribute cryptographic keys, offering theoretically unhackable data transmission.

National Quantum Mission (NQM)

A government initiative focused on advancing research and development in quantum technology across various fields, promoting its application in strategic sectors like defence and communication.

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