India's Collaboration on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) with Rosatom and Other Global Firms

Russian nuclear firm Rosatom has offered India its expertise in building small modular reactors (SMRs), drawing from its extensive experience in the nuclear sector spanning over six decades. The potential for setting up SMRs in coastal areas of India is being explored.

Rosatom's Experience and Initiatives

• Rosatom is a globally recognized leader in civil nuclear technologies.
• Currently involved in the development of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project.
• Has substantial experience in SMR technology with several operational projects worldwide.
• Previously offered cooperation for building small tropical nuclear power stations in India with potential for localization and construction item transfer.

Global SMR Collaborations and Developments

• Rosatom signed a contract in 2024 with Uzbekistan for constructing an SMR-based plant, integrating Russian technology with local resources, providing a potential roadmap for India.
• A US-based firm also expressed interest in collaborating with India on SMR projects.
• Discussions were enhanced by the visit of former US NSA Jake Sullivan, boosting the civil nuclear partnership between the US and India.
• India and France are collaborating on low and medium power modular reactors and advanced modular reactors.
• French nuclear firm EDF created a subsidiary named Nuward to advance its Nuward SMR technology.

India's Nuclear Energy Mission and Future Plans

• The Finance Minister announced the establishment of a Nuclear Energy Mission for SMR research and development with a budget of ₹20,000 crore.
• At least five indigenously developed SMRs are planned to be operational by 2033.
• Emphasized the need for developing at least 100 GW of nuclear energy by 2047 as part of energy transition efforts.
• Plans to amend the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act to foster active private sector participation.