World Bank releases the World Development Report 2024: Middle Income Trap | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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World Bank releases the World Development Report 2024: Middle Income Trap

Posted 02 Aug 2024

2 min read

Report provides a comprehensive roadmap to enable developing countries to escape the “Middle-Income Trap”.

  • Middle-Income Trap is a situation in which a Middle-Income Country (annual GDP per capita in range of $1,136 to $13,845) experiences systematic growth slowdowns as it is unable to take on new economic structures needed to sustain high-income levels.

Key Highlights

  • As countries grow wealthier, they usually hit a trap at about 10% of annual U.S. GDP per person ($8,000) and do not grow fast further.
    • Since 1990, only 34 Middle-Income Countries (MICs) have managed to shift to high-income status.
  • At end-2023, 108 countries were classified as MICs with home to 75% of global population and generating >40% of global GDP.
    • Challenges they face in escaping middle income trap include rapidly aging populations, rising protectionism in advanced economies, and need to speed up energy transition.
  • India joined club of Lower MICs in 2007 and has remained there since with its present GNI per capita at $2,540. 
    • At current trends, it will take India 75 years just to reach one-quarter of US income per capita.

Key recommendations

  • 3I (Investment, Infusion, and Innovation) strategy: First focus on investment; then add emphasis on infusion of new technologies; and, finally, adopt a three-pronged strategy that balances 3I.
  • Reward value-adding firms to stimulate business dynamism, and deepen capital markets.
  • Enhance social mobility by providing equal opportunities to women, minorities and disadvantaged groups.  
    • For instance, removing barriers to entrepreneurship for women in India would raise real income by 40%.
  • Enhance economic efficiency by reflecting environmental costs in energy prices.
  • Tags :
  • World Bank
  • Middle Income Trap
  • Indian Economy
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