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Last edited on 04/11/2025, 06:36am

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Women's representation falls short, gender disparity prevalent in politics

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Women’s Representation in Indian Politics

Rekha Gupta's appointment as the fourth female chief minister of Delhi and the 18th in India marks a significant step in the ongoing discourse on women's political representation. However, it highlights the broader issue of gender disparity in political representation across the country.

Trends in Women's Representation

Lok Sabha Representation:
- 1991: Women constituted 7.1% of total MPs.
- 1999: Increased to 9%.
- 2004: Slight dip to 8.3%.
- 2009: Climb to 10.7%.
- 2014: Reached 11.4%.
- 2019: Peak at 14.4%.
- 2024: Decline to 13.6%.
State Assembly Elections:
- Haryana: 13 women elected, representing below 15%.
- Jammu and Kashmir: 3 women elected, only 3.3% representation.
- Delhi: Women constitute only 7.1% of the Assembly.

Global Comparison

As of January 2025, India ranks 152nd in the ‘Monthly ranking of women in national parliaments’ by the Inter-Parliamentary Union. This rank is lower than Pakistan (137th) and China (83rd).

UK: 263 women MPs (40%) elected to the House of Commons.
South Africa: Women constitute around 45% of the National Assembly.
USA: Women make up 29% of the House of Representatives.

Legislative Efforts

In 2023, the Women's Reservation Bill was passed, mandating a 33% quota for women in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies. Its implementation will follow the redrawing of constituencies after a new population census, potentially not before 2029.