Economic Slowdown in Botswana

The economic landscape in Botswana has dramatically shifted from its former status as the holder of the world's richest diamond deposits. The discovery of diamonds in 1967 catapulted Botswana to become the wealthiest nation per capita on the sub-Saharan African mainland. However, the current diamond market crisis has turned this success story into a cautionary tale.

Overreliance on Diamonds

• Historical Dependence: For decades, Botswana's economy heavily leaned on its diamond resources. Initially, this reliance served the nation well, contributing significantly to its economic growth. 
• Current Crisis: President Duma Boko highlighted in a recent speech that the diamond-dependent economic model has reached its limits, evolving from an economic issue to a national social existential threat. 

Challenges in the Diamond Market

• Natural vs. Synthetic Diamonds: The market for natural diamonds is struggling due to the rise in popularity of lab-grown equivalents, which are cheaper and faster to produce. 
  • Formation Time: Natural diamonds take billions of years to form, whereas lab-grown diamonds can be produced within weeks or months. 
  • Cost Comparison: Natural diamonds are significantly more expensive than their synthetic counterparts. 
• Impact on Botswana's Economy: The dwindling demand for natural diamonds is severely affecting Botswana's economy, which relies on diamond sales for 80% of its exports and a third of government revenue. 

Future Prospects

• De Beers' Situation: Anglo American, the owner of De Beers—the world's leading diamond company and a key player in Botswana's diamond mining—has been considering selling the company due to repeated value write-downs.