Nepal's Political Crisis and Its Implications
Nepal faced a significant political upheaval on September 9, 2025, marked by violent protests, the torching of key governmental and media facilities, and the release of prisoners. This unrest is not merely a reaction to the violent crackdown a day earlier that resulted in the deaths of 19 young demonstrators, but a deeper manifestation of disappointment and nihilism against the nation's political dynamics.
Background and Causes
- Nepal's political landscape has been tumultuous since the 1990s, with a high turnover of 13 heads of government over 30 terms.
- The promise of "Naya Nepal" post the 2005 "Jan Andolan II" has not been realized, leading to instability and self-serving political practices.
- Major political parties (Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, CPN-Maoist Centre) have favored alliances over electoral mandates.
- Key leaders like K.P. Oli, Sher Bahadur Deuba, and Pushpa Kamal Dahal have not actively supported the democratic processes initiated in the 2000s.
- The economy is heavily reliant on remittances, resulting in youth out-migration, unemployment, and lack of diversification.
Emergence of New Political Forces
Disillusionment has led to new political forces gaining ground, reflecting a public desire for change.
- New entities such as the Rashtriya Swatantra Party and independents like Kathmandu Mayor Balendra Shah are emerging.
- Some of these new voices propose radical ideas, like Mr. Shah’s suggestion to dissolve Parliament without a caretaker government, indicating either political immaturity or disregard for democratic norms.
Lessons and Future Directions
- Bangladesh's democratic backsliding serves as a cautionary example for Nepal.
- Stabilization and constitutional reforms are imperative to fulfill earlier promises and create a functional democratic system.
- A presidential system with direct elections could address instability, but peace is a prerequisite for any reform.
- The Nepali Army could play a role in stabilizing the situation to allow civilian democratic processes to take hold.
Conclusion
Nepal is at a crossroads where violent actions pose a threat to its democratic gains. Immediate stabilization and a roadmap for constitutional and political reforms are essential to prevent the deterioration of democratic institutions and to build a sustainable "Naya Nepal".