Policy Framework for Relocation and Co-existence in Tiger Reserves

The Union Tribal Affairs Ministry has introduced a policy framework emphasizing that the relocation of forest-dwelling communities from tiger reserves should be an "exceptional, voluntary, and evidence-based measure".

Key Components of the Policy

• National Framework for Community-Centred Conservation and Relocation (NFCCR):
  • Jointly set by the Environment and Tribal Affairs Ministries.
  • Establishes procedural standards, timelines, and accountability.
• National Database on Conservation-Community Interface (NDCCI):
  • Tracks relocations, compensation, and post-relocation status.
  • Annual independent audits to ensure compliance with relevant Acts and human rights standards.
• Options for Communities:
  • Communities can live in "traditional forest habitats" exercising their Individual or Community Forest Rights under the Forest Rights Act (FRA).
  • Authorities must ensure basic infrastructure development and involve Gram Sabha members in Tiger Conservation Foundations and Eco Development Committees.

Background and Recent Developments

• The policy was initiated due to concerns about the non-implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
• Protests arose following the National Tiger Conservation Authority's directive to prioritize village relocations in core tiger reserve areas.
• There were 591 villages and 64,801 families within these core areas.
• From January 2022, 5,166 families from 56 villages have been relocated across several states.

Relocation Process and Guidelines

• Relocations should be voluntary and comply with the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
• Consent for relocation must be free of inducements and pressures, facilitated by independent civil society organizations.
• Information should be provided in local languages and culturally appropriate formats.

Implementation and Oversight

• A compliance and safeguards officer should be present in every Tiger Reserve.
• A three-tier grievance redressal mechanism (district, state, national) is proposed.
• The SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act can be invoked in cases of unlawful dispossession or procedural lapses.