Presidential and Gubernatorial Roles in India
The Republic of India has witnessed 15 Presidents across 16 presidencies, with Dr. Rajendra Prasad serving two terms. The number of Governors appointed since 1947 is substantial. These offices hold the potential for significant positive impact, minimal harm, or often, a self-effacing existence that leaves no mark. This choice is seen as a self-protecting mechanism, preferring to be forgotten than remembered negatively.
Significance of the Presidential Pen
- Presidents and Governors often carry pens as a symbol of readiness to sign documents presented to them.
- The act of signing can be trivialized, as depicted by cartoonist Abu Abraham, showing the ease and sometimes inappropriate timing of signing critical documents.
- Presidents like R. Venkataraman (1987-92) and K. R. Narayanan (1997-2002) used their pens with confidence, reflecting their independent judgement and adherence to constitutional morality.
Presidential Decisions and Constitutional Morality
Presidents Venkataraman and Narayanan were known for their frankness and adherence to constitutional morality. They demonstrated this by offering independent views contrary to the Cabinet's recommendations when necessary, reflecting a balance between independence and constitutional adherence.
Examples of Presidential Independence
- In 1997, President Narayanan returned a recommendation to dismiss the BJP government in Uttar Pradesh, reflecting constitutional values over political alignment.
- In 1998, he similarly returned a recommendation to dismiss the Bihar government, showcasing fairness over politics.
Supreme Court's Perspective on Presidential Roles
The Supreme Court addressed President Droupadi Murmu's 16th Presidential Reference, emphasizing that Governors cannot have strict deadlines imposed by the Court for their decision-making, upholding the Constitution's letter. The Court also noted that inaction is not acceptable, maintaining the Constitution's spirit.
- The Court acknowledged that delays in decisions might be politically motivated rather than due to careful consideration.
- It emphasized the need for a balance between constitutional authority and practical governance.
Conclusion
The judiciary declared that the roles of President and Governors should not be dictated by the Supreme Court, ensuring a balance of power. The decision emphasized the importance of respect for constitutional roles and the need for incumbents to rise above limitations, fostering governance over power politics.
Gopalkrishna Gandhi, who served as Secretary to the President and Governor of West Bengal and Bihar, offers insights into the responsibilities and challenges associated with these high offices in India.