India Justice Report highlights gaps in Juvenile Justice Law’s functioning | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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    India Justice Report highlights gaps in Juvenile Justice Law’s functioning

    Posted 21 Nov 2025

    2 min read

    Article Summary

    Article Summary

    The India Justice Report highlights gaps in juvenile justice implementation, including inadequate infrastructure, case backlogs, and inconsistent juvenile boards, requiring reforms, capacity building, and technology adoption. 

    Report titled ‘Juvenile Justice and Children in Conflict with Law’ evaluates the functioning and capacity of the Indian juvenile justice system ten years after the enactment of Juvenile Justice Act 2015.

    • India Justice Report is a biennial quantitative index that uses government data to assess and rank the justice system capacity of all Indian states and UTs.

    Key Highlights of the Report

    • Inconsistent Juvenile Justice Board (JJB): As of 2023-2024, there were 707 JJBs across 765 districts. Only 18 states and Jammu & Kashmir had a JJB in every district.
    • Rising Case Backlogs in JJBs: Only 45% of cases were disposed of during Nov 2022–Oct 2023.
    • High institutionalisation in Observation Homes: ~83% of total children in custodial facilities were in Observation Homes, reflecting prolonged pendency of enquiries.
    • Inadequate Infrastructure & Coverage: 14 states lacked a Place of Safety for Children.
      • Nationally, there are 319 Observation Homes, 41 Special Homes, and 40 Places of Safety.

    Recommendations

    • Strengthen JJB Capacity: Ensure existing institutions can function with adequate personnel in key positions such as judges, superintendents, etc.
    • Leverage technology to enhance efficiency: By adopting digital case management systems, centralising databases across police, courts, child-care institutions etc.
    • Prioritize Training as force multiplier: Create structured, competency-based programmes that bring together police, JJBs, probation officers, lawyers, etc.
    • Conduct periodic independent evaluations: Ensure regular independent audits by academic and civil society bodies, under Section 55 of the JJ Act to improve performance.

    About Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015

    • It consolidates and amends the law relating to CCL and Child in need of Care and Protection (CCP). 
      • CCL means a child below 18 years of age who is alleged/ found to have committed an offense.
    • Board:  It mandates setting up Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) in every district to deal with cases of CCL. 
    • Implementation monitoring: By National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (national level) and State Commission for Protection of Child Rights (State level).
    • Preliminary Assessment: In case of heinous offences alleged to have been committed by a child above 16 years of age, JJB shall conduct a preliminary assessment to assess capacity of the child. 
      • After preliminary assessment, the Children’s Court may decide whether the child can be tried as an adult.
    • Tags :
    • Juvenile Justice Board
    • Juvenile Justice Law
    • Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015
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